What are Allergies?

Allergies are immune system reactions to substances that are typically harmless to most people but are perceived as threats by the body of someone with an allergy. These substances, called allergens, can trigger a range of symptoms that vary from mild to severe. Common allergens include pollen, pet dander, certain foods, insect stings, medications, and dust mites.

When a person with allergies is exposed to an allergen, their immune system overreacts, producing antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE). This leads to the release of chemicals like histamine, which cause allergic symptoms.

Symptoms of allergies depend on the type of allergen and the individual’s response but commonly include:

Sneezing
Runny or stuffy nose
Itchy or watery eyes
Hives or skin rashes
Swelling of the lips, tongue, or face
Shortness of breath or wheezing

What are the Common Symptoms of Allergies?

In severe cases, allergies can cause anaphylaxis, a life-threatening reaction that can cause difficulty breathing, a drop in blood pressure, and loss of consciousness. Anaphylaxis requires immediate medical attention.

Key Components of Allergies

Allergen

Substances like pollen, food, or animal dander that trigger allergic reactions.

Immune Response

The body’s immune system mistakenly attacks harmless substances

Histamine Release

This chemical causes many of the symptoms associated with allergies, such as swelling and itching.

Living Well with Allergies

There are Different Types  of Allergies Based on What Triggers the Response

Allergy management usually involves avoiding known allergens, using medications like antihistamines or nasal corticosteroids, and in some cases, receiving immunotherapy (allergy shots) to reduce sensitivity over time.

Seasonal Allergies

Triggered by pollen from trees, grass, and weeds

Insect Allergies

Responses to stings or bites from Environmental Allergies.

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